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Research Article
Extent and Dynamics of Food Insecurity: The Case of Smallholder Farmers in Assosa District, Western Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
175-180
Received:
20 October 2023
Accepted:
6 November 2023
Published:
17 November 2023
Abstract: Most of the African countries including Ethiopia are often characterized by problems of food insecurity. Despite several efforts made so far to improve the overall food insecurity situation, the challenge is still prevalent problem in Ethiopia. Hence this study was conducted with the specific objectives of examining the extent and dynamics of food insecurity in Assosa District, Western Ethiopia. In order to realize these objectives, data were collected from 138 randomly selected households in four randomly selected kebeles of the District. Besides, data was collected using household survey, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews. Data was analyzed using food consumption score (FCS) and qualitative analysis. Based on world food program to calculate the food consumption score (FCS) results of food group, out of total respondents 81.16 percent of food insecurity household were poor food consumption groups. The other remaining 7.25 percent and 11.59 percent of food security households were borderline and acceptable food consumption group, respectively. This indicated that the extent of food insecurity of the households is high because most of households were found poor food consumption group. The result shows that between 2018 and 2019 food secure households declined from 42% to 38.41%, and food insecure households increased from 58% to 61.59%. Between 2020 and 2021, the proportion of food secure households declined from 21.74% to 18.84%, whereas the proportion of food insecure households increased from 78.26% to 81.16%. In year 2019, foods secure households declined by 3.59% and food insecure households increased by 3.59% from past year. While in 2021, foods secure households declined by 2.9% and food insecure households increased by 2.9% from 2020. This result shows the trend in food insecurity that shows increment from year to year due to unstable seasonal rainfall and climate change. Food security issues at the Assosa district require more in-depth and continued study outputs and proper use and implementation of the information gained as the area are found to be influenced by several, interlocked and site specific dynamic that, of course, require immediate and coordinated attention from different stakeholders.
Abstract: Most of the African countries including Ethiopia are often characterized by problems of food insecurity. Despite several efforts made so far to improve the overall food insecurity situation, the challenge is still prevalent problem in Ethiopia. Hence this study was conducted with the specific objectives of examining the extent and dynamics of food ...
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Research Article
Experimental Study on the Effect of Low-Temperature Air Plasma Activated Water on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Maize
Zifeng Wang,
Tianyi Ren,
Minqi Zhou,
Shuo Chen,
Dexin Fu,
Si Qin*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
181-190
Received:
28 October 2023
Accepted:
20 November 2023
Published:
21 November 2023
Abstract: Plasma-activated water (PAW), which is produced by introducing non-thermal plasma into deionized water, contains variety of active substances such as reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. These active substances in PAW exhibit sterilizing properties and facilitates intracellular chemical reactions, which holds the potential to enhance plant growth. This study aims to investigate the effects of PAW treatment on the process of maize seed germination and seedling growth. A gradient of different excitation voltages (10 kV, 14 kV, 18kV) and different treatment times (1min, 3min, 5min) was set to ionize the air to produce air-plasma, which was used to prepare the PAWs subsequently. The resulting PAWs were used to irrigate the maize seeds and seedlings every day. The effects on seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index, as well as on the chlorophyll content, peroxidase (POD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in seedlings were examined. Treatment with PAW promoted seed germination and seedling growth, with the germination rate, germination potential, and germination index of the seeds increased by as much as 19.71%, 50.45% and 21.22% respectively. The chlorophyll and POD content in the seedlings also increased by 31.68% and 23.09% respectively. In addition, the MDA content decreased by 15.11% as compared with the control group (CK). The experimental results were subjected to significant variance analysis using the Duncan method.
Abstract: Plasma-activated water (PAW), which is produced by introducing non-thermal plasma into deionized water, contains variety of active substances such as reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. These active substances in PAW exhibit sterilizing properties and facilitates intracellular chemical reactions, which holds the potential to enhance plan...
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Review Article
Determinants of the Adoption of Small-Scale Irrigation Technology and Its Impact on Household Food Security in Ethiopia: A Review
Zanaba Adamu Asefa*,
Kumsa Negasa Andersa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
191-195
Received:
21 October 2023
Accepted:
6 November 2023
Published:
24 November 2023
Abstract: Agricultural technology is among the most impactful areas of modern technology; it plays a key role in enhancing agricultural yield, reducing poverty, and improving national food security. Agricultural production in Ethiopia is primarily rain-fed and depends on erratic and insufficient rainfall. Moreover, the adoption of small-scale irrigation and its impact on household food security, which can be used as a major policy issue, have not been well reviewed. Therefore, this review paper aims to review the determinants of the adoption of small-scale irrigation and its impact on household food security in Ethiopia. The review indicated that education level, household size, off-farm job participation, farmland size, information access, livestock owners, access to credit, access to water, and extension contact were important variables that positively and significantly influenced the adoption of small-scale irrigation. The adoption of irrigation and other agricultural water management practices has a significant impact on household food security. Since the adoption of small-scale irrigation practices has a significant impact on household food security, actions should be taken by farmers, extension agents, stakeholders, and generally by the Ethiopian government and non-government to make a huge improvement in small-scale irrigation agriculture in the country.
Abstract: Agricultural technology is among the most impactful areas of modern technology; it plays a key role in enhancing agricultural yield, reducing poverty, and improving national food security. Agricultural production in Ethiopia is primarily rain-fed and depends on erratic and insufficient rainfall. Moreover, the adoption of small-scale irrigation and ...
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Research Article
Guinea Fowl Feeding Practices in the Western Tandjile Department, Chad
Brice Leng Tchang*,
Madjina Tellah,
Dassidi Nideou,
Nestor Odjigue,
Michel Assadi,
Youssouf Mopate Logtene
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
196-201
Received:
25 October 2023
Accepted:
23 November 2023
Published:
6 December 2023
Abstract: The study evaluated the practice of feeding in the Western Tandjile Department. Four sub-prefectures (Kelo, Baktchoro, Kolon, and Bologo) were chosen for their guinea fowl potential. A total of 202 guinea fowl farmers were the subject of a cross-sectional and retrospective survey in February 2022. The majority of guinea fowl farming has been practiced by married men of primary structural level and for the most part Christians. Results showed that the main activity was the cultivation of cereals and oil seeds (agriculture). Among poultry, guinea fowl farming was the most represented (58.45%) in the field of poultry. The current number of guinea fowls is clearly higher than the starting line-up. The sex ratio was 3 males to 10 females with the age of sexual maturity of 7 months for both males and females. Purchasing has been the most common method of acquiring guinea fowl. Most of the farmers confirmed that guinea fowl feed themselves behind the boxes with insects, fallen cereals, plants, termites, earthworms, and ants. The frequency of food distributions most observed was twice a day (morning and evening). The majority of farmers use traditional guinea fowl and few use feeders. The difficulty associated with guinea fowl farming in the Western Tandjile was the high cost of feed on the markets. Improving the performance and productivity of guinea fowl in the Western Tandjile deserves special attention to their feeding.
Abstract: The study evaluated the practice of feeding in the Western Tandjile Department. Four sub-prefectures (Kelo, Baktchoro, Kolon, and Bologo) were chosen for their guinea fowl potential. A total of 202 guinea fowl farmers were the subject of a cross-sectional and retrospective survey in February 2022. The majority of guinea fowl farming has been practi...
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